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The Salt Basin of Lancaster County, Nebraska is distinguished by the presence of ephemeral to semi-permanent saline wetlands, salt flats, surface accumulations of salt, zones of bacterial sulfate reduction in wetland soils and stream sediments, and soil cryptogam layers. Salt flat soils are unique in the region and have laminated surface horizons, which probably result from a combination of soil crusting,...
Erosion modeling techniques provide a framework for the evaluation of agricultural impacts on soil and water resources. Agricultural policies or economic incentives generally induce land use changes or even agricultural crop rotation changes. This results in a different erosional behavior of cultivated soil. Besides economic benefits, the sustainability of the agricultural practices with regard to...
Greyzems (Grey Forest Soils) are zonal soils of the forest-steppe, in Russia geographically situated between the (Podzo) Luvisols of the southern taiga forest and the (Luvic) Chernozems of the steppe. Greyzems are characterized by a dark mollic horizon, with uncoated (bleached) silt and sand grains on pedfaces, and an argic horizon as diagnostic horizons. The FAO-Unesco soil map of the world shows...
The structure of many clay soils in tropical Africa is composed of microaggregates that range in size from 0.03 to 1 mm. These structural units are often very stable and known as pseudo-sand or pseudo-silt; their presence is detected from the loamy feel of the soil. This paper tests the hypothesis that termites contribute to a stable microgranular, i.e., finely aggregated, soil structure. A termite...
A paleosol with Mousterian tools in aeolianites at the Habonim site (Carmel Coastal plain, Israel) is a complex pedosedimentary sequence which records a succession of soil-forming episodes and stages of coastal dune instability. We identified three strong soils and one accretionary soil within Mousterian pedocomplex via micromorphological techniques, coupled with FTIR and SEM/EDAX. In the lowermost,...
This paper addresses the issue of incorporating a digital elevation model into the mapping of annual and monthly erosivity values in the Algarve region (Portugal). Besides linear regression of erosivity against elevation, three geostatistical algorithms are introduced: simple kriging with varying local means (SKlm), kriging with an external drift (KED) and colocated cokriging. Cross validation indicates...
A prediction model of shallow landsliding is proposed. It considers not only the deterministic aspects containing slope stability, saturated throughflow and a soil (regolith) depth development, but also the stochastic aspects of intensity and duration of rainfall. It turns out that the probability of saturated throughflow, which is the direct trigger mechanism to shallow landsliding, can be expressed...
A large amount of Quaternary palaeo-environmental evidence lies within the terrestrial aeolian sediments filling the Duero basin in central Spain. Previous work has identified a number of stratigraphical units although the absolute age and origin of some of these is equivocal. The uppermost unit, the focus of this paper, is a widely distributed sand which covers most of the Tierra de Pinares, north...
Large woody debris (LWD) input, storage and distribution were studied along the Drome River, a French Alpine river with an active shifting channel and a well-developed riparian forest. LWD input from the floodplain is low: 669.6 mg year -1 between 1948 and 1971 and 569.3 mg year -1 between 1971 and 1991. Based on estimates of average LWD mass per study plot, a range of 766-2122...
Landscape evolution in terrains that have been unaffected by glacial or aeolian erosion, occurs by cycles of deep weathering and stripping. Several factors have been proposed to control these cycles including sea level, climate and tectonics. In this study, a tectonic model of landscape evolution recently developed for Uganda, was tested by detailed study of the weathered mantle. The study involved...
The origin of extensive sand terrains which lie inland from the coastal margin of Western Australia is contentious, with the debate centering around an in situ vs. an aeolian origin. To resolve this debate the shape and surface features of sand grains are reported for sandplains, sand dunes and bedrock for the Victoria Plateau sandplain, which lies in the central west coastal region of Western Australia...
Within a few decades of European settlement, channel incision transformed discontinuous river courses throughout Wolumla catchment, on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia. The development of continuous channels greatly increased sediment delivery from the catchment. This paper documents the character, timing and proportion of sediment sourced from upland valley fills, channel expansion sites,...
The terrestrial ice limits of the Last Glacial Maximum ice sheets are well understood, but areas submerged during postglacial sea level rise have proved more difficult to accurately map. Fine grained diamicts in the Southern North Sea have been variously interpreted as glacial, glacioaqueous or periglacial in origin, implying different sedimentary environments. This has resulted in contrasting opinions...
The characteristics of, and the sources of the soil materials for, pottery groups manufactured in three ancient settlements of early Roman (late first century BC-first century AD) Galilee were studied by micromorphological techniques. The site-specific manufacturing proveniences of the three respective pottery groups have been previously demonstrated by chemical analysis. One of the sites, Kefar Hananya,...
The record of paleoenvironmental change retained within thin sections from loess-paleosol sequences is discussed with reference to case studies from western Europe, China and northwestern USA. The paleoenvironmental significance of individual micromorphological features such as calcitic concentrations, clay coatings and cryogenic structures are first evaluated, and the value of recognising and interpreting...
This study considers changes occurring on a soil surface after exposure to simulated rainfall. The soil surface in question has a crop cover of artificial maize, and interest focuses specifically on the surface features produced by leaf drips. An analytical photogrammetric approach is used to examine surface morphological change at a small scale (1 mm). These topographical changes are then related...
This paper reviews the facies and microfacies of the main types of slope deposits. Lamination and sorting, when preserved, are good evidence for overland flow. Features due to deformation (folds, boudins, coatings and tails due to the rotation of clasts) are associated with the early stages of deformation in earth slides. Other mass-movements such as debris flows, rock avalanches, earth flows, and...
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